![]() ![]() More specifically, an activity is defined as “the execution of a task or action by an individual.” Participation is defined as, “involvement in a life situation.” Activity Limitations are difficulties an individual may have in executing activities. Overcoming the difficulties faced by people with disabilities requires interventions to remove environmental and social barriers.” Individuals who have APD may experience such impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. It is a complex phenomenon, reflecting the interaction between features of a person’s body and features of the society in which he or she lives. Disability is thus not just a health problem. An impairment is a problem in body function or structure an activity limitation is a difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action while a participation restriction is a problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations. The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines “disability” as “an umbrella term, covering impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. Is central auditory processing disorder real? What does central auditory processing disorder mean? What is central auditory processing disorder? What does auditory processing disorder mean? The current understanding of the auditory brain is that there is no clear boundary between central and peripheral auditory function because efferent signals from the brain modulate outer hair cell activity in the inner ear (cochlea), changing the response of the cochlea and consequently changing the afferent input from the cochlea to the brain. The abbreviated term APD is also commonly used to refer to auditory processing in the CANS. The term central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) is used in some documents with the intention of more precisely denoting processing in the central auditory nervous system (CANS). Research shows that auditory processing occurs at all levels of the auditory system. ![]() They may have a normal pure tone hearing assessment, but by definition they will demonstrate reduced hearing ability on some other measures of hearing. People with APD may have normal pure tone audiometric thresholds but to refer to them as having “normal hearing”, is inaccurate. APD is different from hearing loss in that it is not detected by standard audiometric assessments. ![]() Many people with APD can hear the volume of someone speaking to them, but may not be able to accurately interpret what was said. Common symptoms of APD are similar to symptoms of hearing loss, however, the difference is that individuals with APD commonly have normal hearing. APD can have implications for academic achievement, participation, career opportunities and psychosocial development. A more simple definition by Jack Katz describes APD as “what we do with what we hear.” The prevalence of APD in the USA is estimated to be around 5% of school children and is estimated to be around 6.2% of school children in New Zealand, but is said to likely be higher in some populations, such as the aged-population. Auditory processing disorder is characterised by persistent limitations in the performance of auditory activities and has significant consequences for participation. The New Zealand Audiological Society has adapted the definition of APD from the Canadian Guidelines (CISG) and states: Auditory processing disorder is a generic term for hearing disorders that result from atypical processing of auditory information in the brain. We feel particularly confident in this, in part, because such difficulties respond so well to basic auditory therapies. We do believe that understanding speech in quiet as well as in noise, dichotic listening, short-term/working auditory memory, sequencing, and sound localization are among the many functions that are heavily dependent upon auditory processing skills. There is no clear line between where auditory processing ends and where language or higher cognitive functions begin. Our notion is that APD refers to rather basic functions of the central nervous system (CNS), but we recognize that any behavioral speech test or therapeutic procedure requires some language and cognitive knowledge. The Buffalo Model definition of APD is, "what we do with what we hear." It is how efficiently and effectively people process what they hear. ![]() Reference: NZ APD Guidelines 2019 and Canadian Guidelines (CISG, 2012). Auditory processing disorder is a generic term for hearing disorders that result from atypical processing of auditory information in the brain. ![]()
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